Experience of Novice Nurses with NIV in General Wards

Experience of Novice Nurses with NIV in General Wards Experience of novice nurses caring patients with non-invasive ventilation in general wards. Non invasive ventilation (NIV) is used to provide respiratory pressure support to upper airway by using external masks without the insertion of endotracheal tube. It is mostly used for the early management of acute respiratory failure (ARF) (Rose and Gerdtz, 2009) and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) ( Penuelas, Frutos-Vivar Esteban, 2007). NIV is considering less intensive than mechanical ventilation, therefore some clinicians manage these patients outside the intensive care unit (ICU), particularly in hospitals where ICU beds are unavailable (Farha et al., 2006, Hill, 2009). One audit report revealed that inappropriate use of NIV outside the ICU is associated with higher mortality (Sumner and Yadegafar, 2011). Its increasingly usage outside the ICU, lead less experienced nurses to care for these patients’ results in quality care compromised. Previous studies have identified the following factors that contribute towards treatment failure with NIV is lack of know ledge and experience about the regulation of NIV (Kallet, 2009, Lopez et al., 2006, Lopez-Campos et al., 2006, Elliott et al., 2011), inappropriate guideline (Sinuff et al., 2007), patient-ventilator asynchrony, poor judgment about the appropriate mask selection, patient intolerance (Hess, 2011) and delay in patient care at ward level (Elliott et al., 2011). Safe delivery of NIV can be assured when the patient received care from experienced, educated and well trained staff (Rose and Gerdtz, 2009). Previous studies had explored the experiences of experienced nurses worked in ICU and identified that experienced nurses are using their practical knowledge to select the appropriate mask to patient face. They are using their communication skills to gain control on patient breathing and using their clinical experiences to solve the problems and avoiding delays in adjusting the ventilation (Sà ¸rensen et al., 2013) and providing reassurance to immobilized patients and protect them from errors (Acebedo-Urdiales et al., 2014). There is another study that covers the perspectives of general ward nurses about the NIV, is not generalizable study because it was conducted only in one hospital. However, data revealed that 67% nurses didn’t get involved in the decision making process and were inadequately informed. Even they did not received adequ ate consultation from physicians and medical emergency team and mostly, all nurses in medical wards state that training was inadequate about the NIV (Cabrini et al., 2009). Most of the studies have viewed the experiences of competent nurses in ICU or general ward; however no study has explored the experiences of novice nurses caring the patient with NIV in general ward. Therefore, the purpose of my study is to explore the experiences of novice nurses caring the patient with NIV in medical ward. The one of the reason for selecting this topic is my own area of practice and my experience of being a novice nurse in medical ward in Pakistan. I remembered that when I was assigned with NIV patient, I really felt very anxious and worried. Because, I didn’t have any idea about the BIPAP machine like how it is operated, what assessment I need to do in patient condition to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Sometime, I felt hesitate to consult with physician about the patient’s condition, because of my lack of knowledge, skills and training about the NIV. Therefore, some time I had a fear of harming to patient. My colleagues also had shared the same experiences and feeling with me. For literature search, I have used these electronic databases: CINAHL (15), PubMed (45), Embase (32) and Scopus (35). I have developed the keywords from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) from each database. I have used these keywords for literature search: work experience; job experience; experience; experiential learning; nursing knowledge; nursing role; nurse-patient relations; job satisfaction, nursing practice; critical care nursing; education, nursing; staff nurses; nurse attitudes; decision making; nurse-physician relations evaluation; new graduates nurse; staff development, nursing care; nurses; novice nurses; respiration, artificial; noninvasive ventilation; noninvasive ventilation; non-invasive ventilation. Reference lists of relevant papers were also checked to identify other potentially relevant literature and take the assistance from nursing librarian. The inclusion criteria for each database were paper published in the English and between the periods of 1 January 2005 to 3 1 March 2015. I have also used the Boolean operators to limit my search results. The reason for such limitation is to get the relevant literature about my area of interest. Total number of paper which I get from each database is 127 documents. Once, I done with literature search, I started to read the abstract of each article and select the relevant and near relevant article to my research purpose and eliminate those which I found irrelevant. Out of 127, 26 articles were selected, review critically and develop themes like factors for NIV failure, lack of knowledge and skills etc .The difficulty which I faced during literature search was I cannot be able to remove the duplicate articles from each databases. As, no study has viewed the experience of novice nurses, therefore I would like to conduct the research build on this research question that â€Å"what are the experiences of novice nurses, while caring the NIV patients in general wards?† This study will explore the experiences of novice nurses and uncover the challenges which novice nurses are facing at intrapersonal, interpersonal or organizational level while caring the patient with NIV. Moreover, this study will highlight the need for staff training. Because, through proper training of staff, it’s eliminates those factors which contributed towards NIV failure in ARF patients and provides quality patient care. In these studies, novice nurse is defined as â€Å"nurses who are new graduates or have limited experience in nursing care particularly with NIV patients† (CINAHL). The reason for selecting the general wards setting is as my area of specialty in medical ward and most of the time, general wards staffs are less experienced and untrained comparatively to ICU staff. References: ACEBEDO-URDIALES, M. S., MEDINA-NOYA, J. L. FERRE-GRAU, C. 2014. Practical knowledge of experienced nurses in critical care: a qualitative study of their narratives. BMC Med Educ, 14, 173. CABRINI, L., MONTI, G., VILLA, M., PISCHEDDA, A., MASINI, L., DEDOLA, E., WHELAN, L., MARAZZI, M. COLOMBO, S. 2009. Non-invasive ventilation outside the Intensive Care Unit for acute respiratory failure: the perspective of the general ward nurses. Minerva Anestesiol, 75, 427-33. ELLIOTT, M., CROOKES, P., WORRALL-CARTER, L. PAGE, K. 2011. Readmission to intensive care: a qualitative analysis of nurses perceptions and experiences. Heart Lung, 40, 299-309. FARHA, S., GHAMRA, Z. W., HOISINGTON, E. R., BUTLER, R. S. STOLLER, J. K. 2006. Use of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation on the Regular Hospital Ward: Experience and Correlates of Success. Respiratory Care, 51, 1237-1243. HESS, D. R. 2011. Patient-ventilator interaction during noninvasive ventilation. Respir Care, 56, 153-65; discussion 165-7. HILL, N. S. 2009. Where should noninvasive ventilation be delivered? Respir Care, 54, 62-70. KALLET, R. H. 2009. Noninvasive ventilation in acute care: controversies and emerging concepts. Respir Care, 54, 259-63. LOPEZ-CAMPOS, J. L., GARCIA POLO, C., LEON JIMENEZ, A., ARNEDILLO, A., GONZALEZ-MOYA, E. FENANDEZ BERNI, J. J. 2006. Staff training influence on non-invasive ventilation outcome for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 65, 145-51. LOPEZ, A. D., SHIBUYA, K., RAO, C., MATHERS, C. D., HANSELL, A. L., HELD, L. S., SCHMID, V. BUIST, S. 2006. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J, 27, 397-412. PENUELAS, O., FRUTOS-VIVAR, F. ESTEBAN, A. 2007. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Canadian Medical Association Journal,177 , 1211–1218. ROSE, L. GERDTZ, M. F. 2009. Review of non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department: clinical considerations and management priorities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 3216-3224. SINUFF, T., KAHNAMOUI, K., COOK, D. J. GIACOMINI, M. 2007. Practice guidelines as multipurpose tools: a qualitative study of noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care Med, 35, 776-82. SØRENSEN, D., FREDERIKSEN, K., GRØFTE, T. LOMBORG, K. 2013. Practical wisdom: A qualitative study of the care and management of non-invasive ventilation patients by experienced intensive care nurses. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 29, 174-181. SUMNER, K. YADEGAFAR, G. 2011. The utility and futility of non-invasive ventilation in non-designated areas: Can critical care outreach nurses influence practice? Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 27, 211-217.

The Magic Barrel :: Magic Barrel Essays

Who else from any Jewish - American authors can translate Yeddish for the American readers so colorfully and honestly?   Who else can represent the reality of Jewish life with love and light irony? This is Bernard Malamud, who was born in family of Russian - Jewish immigrants.   He found his characters in real Jewish community.   That is why the tone and style of   "The Magic Barrel" are so unmistakable and truthful.     Through two main characters author involves us in a specific business going on between Leo Finkle, a lonely rabbinical student, and Pinye Salzman, a matchmaker.   In order to get a good congregation Leo supposed to be married.   How a man, who was studying for six years and who never was in a company of woman, easily can find a wife?   The same way as his parents did.   He went to the matchmaker.  Ã‚   It was not so easy for Leo to appeal to Salzman, because he hoped to find the wife by himself.   He wanted to be in love before he gets married.   But he resorted to help.   It was a firs time when he turned his mind over. Pine Salzman, the marriage broker, represented the old generation, and respected the old Jewish tradition.   Marriage is a very important part of a Jew's life, and the family is more important than the girl herself is.   He does not think about love.   It is possible to imagine how Leo was disappointed when Salzmen introduced the girls to hi m.   "Sophie P. Widow. Father promises eight thousand dollars.   Has wonderful wholesale business.   Also realestate." "Lily H. Regular. Father is successful dentist thirty-five years.   Interested in professional man.   Wonderful opportunity." Moreover, "She is a partikiler. She wants the best." Leo's interest to Lily was aroused, and he began seriously to consider calling on her.   Finally they met.   She provoked him to say the strange, but a very capacious and valuable phrase: "I think, that I came to God not because I loved Him, but because I did not." But Lily didn't dream about him, she dreamed about an invented hero.   After this date he turned his mind over again. He felt that he could not love a girl.   Although Leo returned to his regular routine, he was in panic and depression from one thought: nobody loves him and he does not love anybody either.   There was no bride for him.

The Health Sector In Bahrain Health And Social Care Essay

The chief intent of this study is to garner some concrete informations about the wellness sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study chiefly high spots and addresses two of the most significant subjects, like Employability accomplishments and accomplishments spread in the wellness sector. Furthermore, the study will place the functions of the employees and the impact that they have left in the wellness community. Additionally, a quantitative information about the wellness sector will be elaborated through an up-dated statistical diagram. This study will educate people and do them aware about the wellness sector and promote them to derive accomplishments for success in this of import sector.Footings of MentionThis study was requested from several coachs in the university, chiefly from the Academic Skills, IT, and the English coach. The study is due on the 17th of June ; this study will finally be evaluated and assessed by the abovementioned coachs.MethodThe procedure was chiefly done through an accurate Internet use ( authorities web site, educational web site ) . Besides some information was picked up from booklets of the Ministry of wellness every bit good as from local newspapers. The information gathered was later confirmed by a personal meeting with public functionary.FindingssHealth sector in BahrainThe wellness sector is an indispensable fundamental for all states ; this system should be served and provided even if a state is non good developed. Every state should reform its basic wellness resources to suit its public demands of wellness attention demands by offering full best available installations i.e. Hospitals, private nursing place, medical and dental pattern work, ambulance transit, complementary medical specialty and other different human wellness activities. In Bahrain the health care sector has been identified as an untapped economic country, whereby it has opened doors for international companies that can distribute wellness attention services and merchandises in a wider scope. www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary? health+care+sectorServicess of wellness sector in BahrainThe Kingdom of Bahrain is working towards making a healthy state by kick offing medical services and supplying a comprehensive health care system to its public. In drumhead the authorities of Bahrain has fundamentally implemented a strategic educational program, to develop this sector by leting Bahraini pupils to analyze abroad and pattern their profession. Another major subscriber to the docket is the medical college of wellness scientific disciplines ‘ which is edifice and developing a future coevals of professionals, who are equipped with advanced and latest cognition. This college patterns the latest surgical developments such as keyhole surgery and conveyance surgery. Furthermore, full medical health care installations are available through private and public systems, which include: Three full service private infirmaries staffed by both Bahraini and non Bahraini professionals ‘ covering with the diagnosing and intervention of disease. Four authorities infirmaries 19 authorities wellness centres Five authorities pregnancy infirmaries Numerous private forte clinics The Health system in Bahrain provides besides full insurance coverage for both private and public sectors, ( BIME staff 2004 ) .The betterment of wellness sector in BahrainBahrain has achieved success in supplying an impressive wellness system. Harmonizing to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki, the wellness sector in Bahrain grew drastically and evidently because of the important addition of the state ‘s population, which later increased the figure of private and authorities infirmaries during the past twosome of old ages, to supply and suit more medical services. ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . The colleges of wellness scientific discipline have graduated nurses and extremely qualified professionals who were recruited instantly in assorted infirmaries in the land. In add-on, Bahrain has an efficient inoculation plans which keeps catching diseases under control and the infective diseases of childhood have been about eradicated. The development of the wellness services in Bahrain were besides encouraged by its close Nabors ( Arab GCC states ) Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, which have contributed in sums of us $ 50 million and us $ 58 million in 2003 and 2004, to fundamentally better the medical system in the part, ( WHO 2010 ) . As a consequence of the wellness development, the citizens of Bahrain are holding an advanced degree of wellness services today, and the life mean anticipation for both sexes have increased dramatically from being 58 old ages old during the period 1965-1971 to 73.98 old ages in 2004 ( 71.52 old ages for males and 76.51 old ages for females ) . Health talkers in Bahrain are considered to be the best in the part, as this information was officially authenticated by the universe ‘s wellness organisation, ( BIME staff 2004 ) .Skills spread in the wellness sector in BahrainThe wellness sector in Bahrain demands for more extended alterations, as the economic system and labour market in Bahrain is turning of course. Therefore, this sector requires a batch of attention to supply greater wellness services non merely for Bahrain but besides to neighbour gulf states and chiefly to keep the county ‘s future model traveling frontward. However, this sector has a batch of accomplishments lacks that need to be tackled and rectified consequently. Harmonizing to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki, some of the identified accomplishments spreads in this sector are as follow: Disaster Management skills – including ambulatory and exigency services accomplishments. The Medical Sector in peculiar faces deficit of nursing accomplishments. Cardinal Skills – for illustration Arabic and English communicating accomplishments are required, ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . To cast more visible radiation on the above mentioned facts, I believe that the wellness sector growing chances in Bahrain could be impacted by a deficit of nursing Skills, harmonizing to the Royal College of sawboness in Ireland, one of the universe ‘s prima international medical schools. The Bahraini wellness sector is turning quickly but this growing could be affected by the deficiency of trained nurses from national populations. Therefore, the Kingdom of Bahrain has late opened this college to guarantee that the Medical University in Bahrain covers a comprehensive platform and to efficaciously back up the development of this underserved accomplishment. ( BIME staff 2004 ) . Furthermore, there is a strong demand for medical professionals to acquire sensitized with simple elements in their profession. Doctors should fundamentally cognize how to manage patients with better hearing accomplishments, interpersonal accomplishments, and communicating accomplishments. There is no uncertainty that they are first-class at their proficient accomplishments ( i.e. medical profession accomplishments ) , but on the other manus they should larn how to manage patients by utilizing basic cardinal communicating accomplishments i.e. ( Arabic & A ; English ) . As patients come from assorted states and effectual hearing will assist to understand the job better. ( Soft accomplishments in medical, 2008 ) The chief causes of those obstructions and challenges are being addressed by authorities functionaries, as they are cognizant of those cardinal challenges and they are seeking to turn to them through their strategic program, which was implemented in 2007-2010, such as: â€Å" Stagnating rewards. Standards of life. Low accomplishments development. Expansion of the lower category. Business public presentation. Wayss of implementing enforcement and standardisation. † ( Gulf daily intelligence, 2010 )Occupations in the wellness sectorThe director in the wellness sectorMentioning to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki, said that director is the individual responsible of directing and pull offing his employees, supplying and forming preparation plans for the staff to be effectual and efficient. For illustration, a nurse director supervises and evaluates employees, and works with patients to supply aid for wellness attention ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . Directors ‘ occupation involves interaction and communicating with others with a immense figure of issues under hard fortunes. Besides the director has other missions and responsibilities such as oversing all countries of infirmary, including doctors, wellness information technicians, nursing, medical records and etc, ( Education-portal 2010 ) . Furthermore, the accomplishments required to transport out the occupation of infirmary director are interchanging information, processing paperwork, commanding public presentation, planning, co-coordinating, encouraging, and pull offing struggles, ( Human Resources Institute1990 ) . The impact of the director in the wellness sector is to accomplish the wellness sector ends by engaging and choosing the most qualified and good experient physicians and nurses that are capable to present quality services to the patients.The seller in the wellness sectorMarketer is a individual who ‘s responsible of advertisement and advancing the merchandises and services that are offered by the well-thought-of entity. As Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki said, the sellers are involved in educating people about the effects of misapplying drugs by puting up educational promoting runs ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . Besides sellers are the front face of a company, as this function requires a batch of accomplishments and makings. Every selling officer should hold first-class and influential communicating accomplishments to fundamentally interact with clients in a really efficient mode.The comptroller in the wellness sectorAn comptroller is a compulsory function in every orga nisation, as they are qualified and trained for clerking, Auditing and fixing the fiscal analysis of the entity The Hospital comptroller ‘s chief responsibilities are fixing fiscal documents, supplying monthly studies to fundamentally verify and guarantee whether the fiscal information generated is accurate, the comptroller besides fixing infirmaries studies and makes fiscal determinations ( 1999-2010 ehow, Inc ) . The accomplishments that are required and should be related to an comptroller are as follows: Develop fiscal and other operational systems to accurately command the fiscal activities Train and supervise accounting forces Make sound fiscal determinations and recommendations to direction in respects to professional accounting jobs. Interpret and use legal demands and administrative policies to accounting maps. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.co.monterey.ca.us/personnel/documents/specifications/20B91.pdf Harmonizing to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali, the comptrollers have a monolithic impact on the wellness sector because they play a major function in this field because they work together with the infirmary direction in finalising the ministry of wellness one-year budget. They besides oversee ministry ‘s entrance and outgoing disbursals ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . Without their intercession and assistance the ministry of wellness will non be able to accomplish their ends and marks.

Differing Views Of Puritanism Bradstreet Vs. Taylor

Fedor 1 Differing Views of Puritanism: Bradstreet vs. Taylor When the Puritans came to America in the 1600s, they brought many aspects of their lives with them, including their beliefs in modesty, hard work, and religious devotion. Their strong values in religion were a constant part of their everyday life and were a big feature of their society. Even though they were urged to suppress their feelings and fully devote themselves to God, some Puritans had struggles with this, and used poetry to express their true beliefs. Poet Anne Bradstreet voiced her unconventional ideas through her poems while Edward Taylor used his poetry to stress his strong support of his religion and faith. Although Puritan poets Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor of the early American colonies belonged to the same belief system, they expressed divergent views of faith and dependence on God through their poetry. The Puritans were special in that their religion, Puritanism, was also their way of life. They sought to purify the Church of England, and in doing so they came to America, bringing their ideas of predestination and autonomy with them to the New World. The Puritans also believed that they were born with sin and stayed sinful throughout their life while they tried to look for signs to see if they were among the elect.1 They were constantly searching for God?s approval and, as said by ?Early American,? they strived to find the deeper meaning in simple things in life.2 Due to their

Argumentative Essay On The Death Penalty - 957 Words

The death Penalty is a very controversial topic to many. Some believe that the death penalty should not only be in place but there should be more executions every year. While others believe that the death penalty is going out of style and it is not serving its purpose of deterring crime as it did before. Although there are many claims supporting both sides still over half of Americans are for capital punishment in some way, but what causes someone to be sentenced to death? According to the article â€Å"Against the American System of Capital Punishment† by Jack Greenberg the worst crime is, â€Å"a putative killer of one’s parent or child† (Greenberg). What makes this the worst crime? And out of the few executions are these the only people getting†¦show more content†¦According to this article â€Å"How the Death Penalty Saves Lives† by David B, Muhlhausen the death death penalty is more widely agreed upon that it should be in place than it should n’t. The author makes the argument that with the death penalty in place it deters the crimes that have this punishment from happening. He also argues about how the constitution plays a role but how it supports it. He claims that it uphold constitutional protections such as due process and equal protection of law. Muhlhausen believes the death penalty should be in place simply because there are more Americans for it than against it. He believes that this should be in place because it is what America wants and the constitution supports it through the constitutional protections of due process, and equal protection of law.Muhlhausen has many main points similar to Greenberg but Muhlhausen doesn’t have as much evidence or support to back up all of his arguments. He has some strong points but it could be supported better. Between Jack Greenberg’s, â€Å"Against the American System of Capital Punishment† and David B. Muhlhausen, â€Å"How the Death Penalty Save s Lives† the points they are arguing tend to be fairly similar. They both argue whether the death penalty is a good or bad deter for the â€Å"worst crime,† which is claimed to be killing that person’s parents or children. Another similar point they haveShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On The Death Penalty967 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment or death penalty is a form of punishment mostly used for people that murder somebody. It is a very complex issue in today’s world. There are very strong opinions on both sides of the argument. Some believe that every state should have it, and others believe that none should. It is so controversial because both sides believe that they are right and because death is so permanent. If you make a mistake, once the death penalty is imposed, there is no taking it back. 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Many1622 Words   |  7 PagesWhat do you think about the juvenile death penalty? Many sides are against this kind of thing. They believe that juveniles are not fully matured and give in too easily to peer pressure. Juveniles are smart enough to know wrong from right even if they are getting pressured to do something. This essay is pro for death penalty for juveniles, because they can make their own decisions in their life. For starters t his paper is going to give some information from people who think there should never be

Who is to Blame in Romeo and Juliet Essay - 933 Words

‘From forth the loin of these two foes/ A pair of star crossed lovers take their life’ 1.2.chorus. Romeo and Juliet, a very famous play written by William Shakespeare, is filled with nearly every powerful emotion imaginable, love, lust, hate, desire, spite, joy, happiness, depression, adoration, anger, vengeance and so many more. The tragic deaths of Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet were brought about by how the people around them and they themselves dealt with these emotions. Blame is defined in the dictionary as to feel or declare that someone/something is responsible for a fault or wrong. So who out of all of the culprits was really to blame? The Capulets, the Montagues and the feud boiling between them, Prince Escalus, Tybalt,†¦show more content†¦He was the person who married them and respected their wishes about keeping it a secret and the person who both Romeo and Juliet seeked advice from after the Prince declared that Romeo be banished, and who laid out the plan to fake Juliets death so her and Romeo could be together again. But could he really be trusted? Though his intentions seem sincere on the surface they could have been tainted with ulterior motion. Marrying the two-lovebirds had the ulterior motion behind it to finally stop the family feud which is a thing that every one in Verona would be pleased about. But by him agreeing to not tell anyone of their matrimony is also agreeing not to tell people about the resolution to the feud gives the impression that he was planning something. Of course he could have been acting out of kindness and respect, giving the couple time to figure out how to share their news, but given how bad the situation between the families was at the time it does not seem likely. It seems as though he wanted to be solely responsible for bringing peace back to Verona, and he would have gladly told the families immediately if Romeo had not been banished. He still did not confide in anyone after this because then his plan would have failed. Instead he came up with a new plan that in turn ended the lives of both Romeo and Juliet. And in the end of all this, when Juliet was contemplating killing herself at the sight of RomeosShow MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet Who Is to Blame778 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet essay The story of Romeo and Juliet is the best tragedy ever to be written. 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Essay2468 Words   |  10 PagesRomeo and Juliet is set in Verona. They are two star crossed lovers from two different families who have been feuding for generations. This is apparent in the line â€Å"The quarrel is between our masters and us their men†. This demonstrates that the play is destined to result in tragedy. The effect that is created on the audience is that the families have been fighting constantly for many years and that it has been passed down from generations to generations. The Montague’s and Capulet’s ancestorsRead MoreRomeo and Juliet: Who is to Blame? Essay587 Words   |  3 Pagesbrings love and affection, but when taken to the extreme, it can lead to tragedy and despair. Among the great literary tragedies, Romeo and Juliet may be the most famous of them all. The eternal feud between the Montegues and Capulets prohibits the love of Romeo an d Juliet and ultimately results in their unfortunate deaths. 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In this essay I will be writing about William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet, I will be doing an in-depth analysis as to who I think is most to blame for the sad eventual deaths of Romeo and Juliet, analysing each character in detail. First, let’s start with the general storyline. It is fourteenth century Verona, an Italian city. Two families, the Capulet’s and Montague’s, have been feuding for centuries, the reason for thisRead MoreThe Death of Romeo and Juliet and Who is to Blame Essay examples1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Death of Romeo and Juliet and Who is to Blame Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, in which a young boy and girl fall in love and commit suicide. They come from 2 different families which have a deadly feud against one another. Romeo goes to a masked ball at the Capulets household where he falls in love with Juliet. He then proposes to her after the party in secret at Juliets balcony. 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I will show understanding of the plot, character and themes and Shakesperes use of language and dramatic devices within the play. Firstly, some people believe that the parents of Romeo and Juliet were to blame for their deaths because of the ongoing feud between the two families. TheRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet: Who Is to Blame for Their Deaths?1460 Words   |  6 Pagesand critically acclaimed of Shakespeares plays has to be Romeo and Juliet, a romantic tragedy concerning the fate of two young star-crossed lovers (Prologue, l. 6). The play focuses on romantic love, specifically the intense passion that springs up at first sight between Romeo and Juliet and the deaths of the two characters because of their eternal love for each other. While there could be various reasons for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, it is obvious that both the two households and significantly

A Research Proposal - Supply Chain Management in Organization

Question: The purpose of this assessment is to enable students to develop an effective research plan considering context, research questions, sources, timeline, and larger implications for writing a formal research report; Also to practice working with the Research Proposal as an academic genre and to provide an opportunity for working on stylistics and effective academic discourse. Answer: Abstract The Organizations of the modern age are adopting newer management practices in an attempt to stay competitive in their Business. Amongst these practices, are several efficient supply chain management practices that are helping these organizations to perform better in terms of delivering their respective supply chain performances. The Green Supply chain Management has recently gained popularity between industry practitioners as well as researchers. The aim of this research proposal is to identify and propose a conceptual model for incorporating green supply chain management practices in an organization that would eventually help organizations in improvising their economical, operational and environmental performance. This model is being suggested after a careful analysis and literature review of various researches conduced in this field. Thus, the purpose of this research would be rightly directed in adaptation and implementation of green supply chain management practices in organizat ions, and the measurement of the several benefits derived from these. 1. Introduction to the Proposal The sustained economic growth across the global economy has eventually increased the level of non-renewable resources and energy consumption. The supply chain operations of the several organizations across varied industries across the globe are directly contributing towards resource depletion problems. Several of the organizations are also breaching their environmental responsibilities towards their surroundings by creating environmental hazards through its supply chain activities and operational practices. As a result, the concept of green supply chain management has emerged as a new systematic environmental approach in the industry. This approach has already been accepted by several of the forward thinking and prominent organizations in the manufacturing and service industry. In fact several or the organizations have experienced positive operational outcomes by balancing economic and environmental performances of their supply chain operations. Thus, the impact of implementation of the Green techniques in the Supply chain management of the manufacturing and service organizations are intended to study in this research proposal. This study conducted in this proposal is highly restricted to more usage of qualitative research tools over quantitative research tools of measuring the periodic financial performance of these organizations selected for study. The responses obtained from the samples selected for the study would be converted in to qualitative information that would be further analyzed and researched. Several of the existing literature pertaining to adoption of green supply chain management practices, would also be compared with the research data obtained. 2. Research Question and Purpose The Purpose of this research proposal is to rightly identify and propose a conceptual model for incorporating green supply chain management practices in organizations that would eventually help organizations in improvising their economical, operational and environmental performance. The industry experts working closely with supply chain activities for at least eight years would be identified across several industries and several locations across the world. Either email communication or video conferencing would be used to capture the responses of these experts. The Positive hypothesis for the study conducted on adoption of green supply chain management practices, would be a positive operational performance of an organization after adoption of the environmental friendly changes in the supply chain activities. A negative impact shown by the implementation of green supply chain practices on the organizations operational performance, even in the long run, would be termed as a negative hyp othesis for this study. Making hardly any difference in terms of both economic and operational efficiency, would be termed as neutral hypothesis for the study. 3. Literature Review The review of the previous literatures that have been closely associated with the study and adoption of green supply chain management techniques across several industries, across several regions. These studies would further assist us in our research activity of investigating the benefits of adoption of green supply chain management practices. The following table summarizes the reviewed literature: Year Author Title Findings Country 2011 Zhu et al. Evaluating Green Supply Chain Management among Chinese Manufacturers from the Ecological Modernization Perspective The regulatory pressures in the region was the key influencer for the adoption of Green Supply chain practices in the region China 2011 Eltayeb et al. Green supply chain initiatives among certified companies in Malaysia and environmental sustainability: Investigating the outcomes The manufacturing industries have started slowly adopting green techniques, but the service providers are still reluctant for change Malaysia 2009 Holt and Ghobadian An empirical study of green supply chain management practices amongst UK manufacturers Environmental performance is a key legislative pressure for the industries which are the key internal drives for change United Kingdom 2005 Hervani and Sarkis Performance measurement for green supply chain management Many of the participants of the study have shown proactive attitude in adoption of green practices and accordingly have reaped operational benefits Japan 2005 Hugo and Pistikopoulos Environmentally conscious long-range planning and design of supply chain networks Buyers environmental requirements are supporting the suppliers willingness to participate in green supply chain management activities. India 4. Methodology Firstly our research is indented to measure the impact of adaptation of the Green techniques in the Supply chain management of the organizations using a qualitative research tools. Initially a primary research would be conducted to derive the latest first hand information from the industry practitioners. The practitioners who have at least 8 years of industry experience and those who are practically well versed with the implications of the several supply chain management techniques on operational performance of an organization would be selected as samples for the research. This investigation would be made through interviewing the selected industry practitioners across several industries via either email communication or video conferencing, for at least ten samples in the product manufacturing industries and ten samples from the service industry. The reasoning and responses received from these practitioners would be fed in the data tables designed to measure the significance and benef its of green practices in supply chain management of product and service organizations. The data extracted would then be further analyzed in to meaningful information to arrive at a considerable reasoning from the study. The various secondary sources of information would also be utilized to compare the responses from the samples against the prominent well accepted researches in this field. The study on the adoption and the benefits of the concept of the green supply chain management practices on the overall performance of the organizations and the benefits derived by the organization from this practice, is strictly restricted to the responses from the senior personnel from the respective industries. The reasoning for carefully choosing the experienced staff members belonging to the supply chain management practices background as samples is to obtain more practical, accurate and reliable first hand data from these samples. The improvement in the Operational, Economic and Environmental Performance of an Organization after incorporating Green measures in the supply chain process, would be the key measurable in the research. The threats of reliability and validity of the data would be significantly low as data would be captured from reliable sources. 5. Planning, Analysis and Organization The adoption and success of green supply chain management practices is a prominent and critical research area that is also popular among the industry patrons and students of this subject. The adoption and implementation of this concept in the medium sized organizations is still a challenging transformation. The Management of the several of these midsized organizations still foresees adoption of green supply chain practices as unnecessary expenditure to the organizations. Many of the organizations based in the developing countries still fear the adoption of green supply chain practices, in the fear of hampering their sustained operational and economic progress. This study envisages identifying the gaps between the adoption and non adoption of the green supply chain practices. Our research also tries to obtain considerable reasons as why these green supply chain practices are sought useful or harmful to the operational performance of the businesses. The implementation of the green supply chain management objectives can be efficiently achieved through several of the stakeholders working closely with the operational activities of the organization. Working closely with the raw material manufactures and other suppliers actively involved in the supply chain, would enable in gradual reduction and elimination of the product environmental impacts. Also reduction and control over the wastage of materials employed in the product manufacturing process in the organization would also have a significant positive impact on the operations of the Supply chain management activities. This research will be very much resourceful for the industry practitioners as well as students of the supply chain management practices. The practical applications of the green techniques implemented by the successful practitioners would be shared through this research. This research would not cease with the measure of success or failure of incorporating green supply chain techniques across several organizations belonging to several industries; but will further analyze the specific reasons or implementation techniques that made the implementation successful. Conclusion: This research would thus enable effective networking with the several industry practitioners. The industry patrons selected as samples would be rich source of practical information on effective green management of supply chain activities in the organization, as they would be actively involved in the various practical aspects of implementation of green supply chain management activities. This research accordingly attempts to collect study and measure the responses obtained from the primary sources of information. A careful analysis and literature review of the various researches conduced in this field would further strengthen the research purpose, of study of the rightly directed adaptation and implementation of green supply chain management practices in organizations and the measurement of the several benefits derived from them. References: Holt, and A. Ghobadian, (2009) An empirical study of green supply chain management practices amongst UK manufacturers, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 20(7), pp. 933-956. Eltayeb, T. K., Zailani, S. Ramayah, T., (2011) Green supply chain initiatives among certified companies in Malaysia and environmental sustainability: Investigating the outcomes, Resource, Conservation and Recycling, 55, pp 495-506. E. Bowen, P. D. Cousine, R. C. Lamming, and A.C. Faruk, (2001) Horse for courses: Explaining the gap between the theory and practice of green supply, Greener Management International, (Autumn), pp. 41-59. Hervani, Helms, and M. Sarkis, (2005) Performance measurement for green supply chain management, Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 12(4), pp. 330-353. Hugo, and E. Pistikopoulos, (2005) Environmentally conscious long-range planning and design of supply chain networks, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 13(15), pp. 1471-1491. Zhu, J. Sarkis, and Y. Geng, (2005) Green supply chain management in China: pressures, practices and performance, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, vol. 25(5), pp. 449-468. Zhu, Q., Geng, Y., Sarkis, J., Lai, K.H., (2011) Evaluating Green Supply Chain Management among Chinese Manufacturers from the Ecological Modernization Perspective, Transportation Research Part E, 47, pp 808-821.